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Related Concept Videos

ATP Yield01:31

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Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors
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Microcontroller-assisted compensation of adenosine triphosphate levels: instrument and method development.

Jie-Bi Hu1, Ting-Ru Chen1, Yu-Chie Chen2

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.

Scientific Reports
|January 31, 2015
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Summary

This study introduces a novel bio-opto-electronic system for real-time adenosine triphosphate (ATP) replenishment in enzymatic reactions. The device ensures optimal conditions for biocatalysis by maintaining stable ATP levels during phosphate transfer processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Bioengineering
  • Enzyme kinetics

Background:

  • Enzymatic reactions involving phosphate transfer, such as those utilizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), often suffer from substrate depletion.
  • Maintaining optimal substrate concentrations is crucial for accurate kinetic studies and efficient biocatalysis.
  • Existing methods for monitoring and replenishing ATP are often indirect or lack real-time capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a novel bio-opto-electronic system for real-time compensation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion.
  • To establish optimal conditions for in vitro biocatalytic processes.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of the system using apyrase as an ATP-depleting enzyme.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bio-opto-electronic feedback system.
  • Integration of sensors for real-time monitoring of ATP concentration.
  • Implementation of a control mechanism for ATP replenishment.
  • Experimental validation using apyrase-catalyzed hydrolysis of ATP.

Main Results:

  • The developed system effectively compensates for ATP depletion in real-time.
  • The system operates within a relevant ATP concentration range (2–48 μM).
  • Feasibility was demonstrated using apyrase, confirming the system's capability to maintain target ATP levels.

Conclusions:

  • The bio-opto-electronic system provides a robust solution for managing ATP levels in enzymatic assays.
  • This technology enables precise control over reaction conditions, facilitating optimized biocatalysis and kinetic studies.
  • The system holds promise for advancing research in enzyme kinetics and developing efficient biocatalytic applications.