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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis
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Cellular origin and developmental program of coronary angiogenesis.

Xueying Tian1, William T Pu2, Bin Zhou2

  • 1From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (X.T., B.Z.) and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science (B.Z.), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (W.T.P.); and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.).

Circulation Research
|January 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified coronary vascular progenitors in the endocardium, epicardium, and sinus venosus. This discovery advances understanding of cardiac development and opens new avenues for regenerative treatments for heart disease.

Keywords:
coronary vesselsendocardiumsinus venosus

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure.
  • Understanding the origins of coronary vessels is crucial for developing cardiac regenerative therapies.
  • The developmental pathways of coronary vasculature have been historically unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the progenitor cells responsible for coronary vessel development.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing coronary artery formation.
  • To explore the potential of these findings for novel cardiac regenerative strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced lineage tracing techniques to track progenitor cell origins.
  • Employed molecular analyses to define signaling pathways involved in coronary development.
  • Integrated findings with existing knowledge of cardiac embryogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific progenitor populations within the endocardium, epicardium, and sinus venosus.
  • Characterized key cellular interactions and molecular signals driving coronary vascularization.
  • Demonstrated the critical role of these progenitors in forming a functional coronary network.

Conclusions:

  • The endocardium, epicardium, and sinus venosus are key sources of coronary vascular progenitors.
  • Elucidation of developmental programs offers new targets for therapeutic cardiac revascularization.
  • These insights pave the way for innovative regenerative treatments for heart disease.