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Fixation and Sectioning

Fixation and Sectioning

Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Optimization of Breast Biopsy and Mastectomy Sample Collection Procedures for Biobanking, Personalized Medicine, and Research Applications

Optimization of Breast Biopsy and Mastectomy Sample Collection Procedures for Biobanking, Personalized Medicine, and Research Applications

Published on: September 2, 2025

Standardized processing of native tissue in breast pathology.

M E Dämmrich¹, H H Kreipe

¹Institute of Pathology, Carl Neuberg Straße, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer

|February 1, 2015

Summary

This study introduces a novel method for preserving unfixed breast tissue during surgery, ensuring native tissue availability for crucial biomarker analysis and tumor banking. This technique enhances pathological assessment and tissue preservation for future research.

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Published on: November 26, 2015

Area of Science:

Pathology
Surgical Oncology
Biomarker Research

Background:

Intraoperative frozen sections are often replaced by core needle and vacuum biopsies, hindering the collection of unfixed breast specimens.
Preserving native breast tissue is critical for accurate biomarker assessment and tumor banking.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a method for immediate intraoperative macroscopic analysis and vacuum-cooling of breast specimens.
To enable the preservation of native breast tissue for biomarker analysis and tumor banking, overcoming limitations of current biopsy techniques.

Main Methods:

Immediate intraoperative macroscopic analysis of resection margins.
Vacuum-cooling of breast specimens to preserve native tissue.
Slicing of native tissue before formalin fixation for standardized fixation.
Processing over 350 breast specimens as native specimens since 2013.

Main Results:

Native tissue for biomarker analyses and tumor banking was successfully preserved in all cases.
The method allows for immediate intraoperative pathological analysis when required.
Standardized and uniform tissue fixation was achieved through pre-formalin slicing.

Conclusions:

The described technique effectively preserves unfixed breast tissue for biomarker analysis and tumor banking.
This approach enhances pathological assessment and facilitates future research by ensuring tissue viability.