Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.3K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.3K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

2
Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
2
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.9K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.9K
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

4
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
4
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

1
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
1
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

1
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
1

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Therapeutic advances in fibromyalgia: one year in review 2026.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology·2026
Same author

Pathogenetic and clinical aspects of fibromyalgia: one year in review 2026.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology·2026
Same author

Real-world effectiveness and safety of apremilast in psoriatic arthritis: results from the multicenter Italian MAPSI II study.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same author

Lower Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Fibromyalgia Compared with Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis and Its Association with Disease Burden and Lifestyle Factors.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

The impact of sex and gender on Fibromyalgia Syndrome: data from the Italian Fibromyalgia Registry.

Internal and emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Location and amount of joint involvement differentiates rheumatoid arthritis into different clinical subsets.

NPJ digital medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K

Citrullination and autoimmunity.

Guido Valesini1, Maria C Gerardi1, Cristina Iannuccelli1

  • 1Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Reumatologia - Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|February 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Citrullination, a protein modification, is increasingly linked to autoimmune diseases. This process, triggered by inflammation and cellular damage, generates autoantigens, driving autoimmune responses and potentially indicating early disease onset.

Keywords:
ApoptosisAutoimmunityAutophagyCitrullinationInflammationNETosis

More Related Videos

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

7.6K
Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

15.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K
Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

7.6K
Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

15.2K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases involve the immune system attacking self-tissues due to loss of self-tolerance.
  • Post-translational modifications, like citrullination, generate neoantigens, initiating autoimmune responses.
  • Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are key biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of citrullination in autoimmune diseases beyond Rheumatoid Arthritis.
  • To investigate citrullination as a potential early indicator of cellular damage and autoimmune conditions.
  • To understand the link between inflammatory processes, cell death pathways, and citrullination in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on citrullination and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of studies reporting citrullinated proteins in various inflammatory conditions.
  • Examination of the involvement of citrullination in cell death pathways (apoptosis, autophagy, NETosis).

Main Results:

  • Citrullination is present in diverse inflammatory tissues, including arthritides and non-arthritic inflammatory conditions.
  • Environmental factors like cigarette smoke and air pollution can induce citrullination in lung cells.
  • Protein citrullination is associated with cell death pathways, activated by increased intracellular calcium, and implicated in autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • Citrullination is not disease-specific but rather an inflammation-dependent process.
  • Protein citrullination plays a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Citrullination may serve as an early marker for cellular damage preceding overt inflammation in autoimmune conditions.