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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice
Published on: September 8, 2011
3,16-Bisquaternary ammonium steroid derivatives as neuromuscular blocking agents: synthesis and biological evaluation
Hao Hu1, Zhigang Rao1, Min Feng1
1State Key Laboratory of Virology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
Abstract:
Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are widely used in surgery to achieve skeleton muscles relaxation under light anesthesia status. In this work, we synthesized a series of 3,16-bisquaternary ammonium steroidal NMBAs. Among them, three compounds exhibited higher in vitro activities than the commenced drug rocuronium. In addition, structure-activity relationship was unveiled. We found that the intact acetylcholine-like moiety in D-ring was not necessary for maintaining activity but both the acetyl group and the quaternary nitrogen were very essential.
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