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Intestinal transcriptome analysis revealed differential salinity adaptation between two tilapiine species.

Dana Ronkin1, Eyal Seroussi1, Tali Nitzan1

  • 1Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics
|February 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tilapia salinity tolerance varies between species, with differences primarily in the anterior intestine. Specific genes in this region may explain why Mozambique tilapia tolerate high salinity better than Nile tilapia.

Keywords:
Gastrointestinal tractNext generation sequencingOreochromisOsmoregulationSalinity tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Fish osmoregulation
  • Aquaculture

Background:

  • Tilapias exhibit varied salinity tolerance, impacting their aquaculture potential.
  • Osmotic regulation in fish involves gills, kidneys, and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
  • Mechanisms of ion and water transport in the fish GIT are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of salinity adaptation in two tilapia species.
  • To compare gene expression in the anterior and posterior intestines of freshwater and saltwater-adapted tilapia.
  • To identify genes potentially responsible for differential salinity tolerance between Oreochromis mossambicus and Oreochromis niloticus.

Main Methods:

  • Deep-sequencing of transcriptomes from anterior and posterior intestinal sections.
  • Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles between two tilapia species (O. mossambicus and O. niloticus).
  • Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to determine functional roles of differentially expressed genes.

Main Results:

  • High similarity in gene expression response to salinity was observed in the posterior intestine.
  • Significant differences in gene expression were found in the anterior intestine between the two species.
  • A set of 68 genes in the anterior intestine showed opposing salinity-dependent regulation in O. niloticus and O. mossambicus, many involved in ion transport.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior intestine plays a crucial role in differential salinity adaptation in tilapia.
  • Differentially regulated genes, particularly ion transporters, in the anterior intestine are key candidates for explaining species-specific salinity tolerance.
  • Findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tilapia adaptation to varying salinity environments.