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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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A versatile, pulsed anion source utilizing plasma-entrainment: characterization and applications.

Yu-Ju Lu1, Julia H Lehman1, W Carl Lineberger1

  • 1JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

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|February 2, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new pulsed anion source efficiently produces cold anions by minimizing expansion heating. This versatile source enables the study of large ion clusters and transient anions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics

Background:

  • Pulsed anion sources are crucial for studying molecular ions.
  • Existing sources often suffer from unwanted heating of the main expansion.
  • This limits their efficiency and applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel pulsed anion source.
  • To demonstrate its capability in producing cold anions.
  • To showcase its versatility for various applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing plasma entrainment into a supersonic expansion.
  • Employing a pulsed discharge source perpendicular to the main gas expansion.
  • Applying photoelectron spectroscopy for solvation energy determination.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated large OH(-)(Ar)n clusters with significant argon solvation.
  • Determined solvation energies of OH(-)(Ar)n clusters, showing binding energies of ~10 meV per Ar at n=12-18.
  • Synthesized cis- and trans- HOCO(-) anions and compared their photoelectron spectra.

Conclusions:

  • The novel pulsed anion source efficiently produces cold anions.
  • It overcomes limitations of previous designs by minimizing expansion heating.
  • The source is versatile for generating various anions and clusters, applicable to diverse experiments.