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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
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Fast temperature spectrometer for samples under extreme conditions.

Dongzhou Zhang1, Jennifer M Jackson1, Jiyong Zhao2

  • 1Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a Fast Temperature Readout (FasTeR) spectrometer to accurately measure transient temperature fluctuations, improving melting temperature determination. This high-speed instrument is ideal for ultra-fast techniques under extreme conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • High-pressure physics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of melting temperatures is crucial for understanding material behavior under extreme conditions.
  • Traditional methods often struggle with transient temperature fluctuations, leading to uncertainties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel multi-wavelength spectrometer, FasTeR, for capturing rapid temperature changes.
  • To reduce uncertainties in melting temperature determination using ultra-fast techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multi-wavelength Fast Temperature Readout (FasTeR) spectrometer using photomultiplier tubes and dichroic filters.
  • Validated FasTeR against a charge-coupled device spectrometer for temperature measurements.
  • Applied FasTeR in conjunction with laser-heated diamond-anvil cell, synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.

Main Results:

  • FasTeR demonstrates a fast readout rate (~100 Hz), high sensitivity, large dynamic range, and good focus.
  • Temperatures measured by FasTeR agree well with the charge-coupled device spectrometer outside the melting vicinity.
  • FasTeR successfully captured transient temperature fluctuations of at least 300 K/s near melting.

Conclusions:

  • The FasTeR spectrometer accurately measures transient temperature fluctuations, significantly reducing uncertainties in melting temperature determination.
  • FasTeR is suitable for ultra-fast temperature measurements under extreme conditions, particularly when coupled with high-pressure techniques.
  • The developed SIMFaster software aids in simulating and optimizing FasTeR design configurations.