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Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

8.0K
In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.0K
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
1.0K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

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A compact electron gun for time-resolved electron diffraction.

Matthew S Robinson1, Paul D Lane1, Derek A Wann1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new electron diffractometer enables the study of ultrafast molecular dynamics. This compact instrument, triggered by a Ti:Sapphire laser, successfully collected diffraction patterns from platinum samples, validating its design for molecular research.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding ultrafast molecular dynamics is crucial for controlling chemical reactions.
  • Existing methods for studying these dynamics often lack sufficient time resolution or spatial detail.
  • Gas-phase molecules present unique challenges for time-resolved studies due to their transient nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and build a novel compact time-resolved electron diffractometer.
  • To investigate the ultrafast molecular dynamics of photoexcited gas-phase molecules.
  • To validate the performance of the electron diffractometer through calibration and sample testing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a compact electron gun triggered by a Ti:Sapphire laser.
  • Calibration experiments to characterize electron beam properties, including focusing effects.
  • Collection and analysis of electron diffraction patterns from polycrystalline platinum samples.

Main Results:

  • Successful construction and initial testing of a compact time-resolved electron diffractometer.
  • Demonstration of electron beam focusing using a magnetic lens.
  • Validation of the apparatus by matching experimental diffraction patterns of platinum to theoretical predictions.
  • Correlation between magnetic lens focusing and the spatial resolution of diffraction patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The novel compact time-resolved electron diffractometer is a viable tool for studying ultrafast molecular dynamics.
  • The apparatus demonstrates effective control over electron beam properties, crucial for high-resolution diffraction.
  • This instrument opens new avenues for investigating transient molecular structures and dynamics in gas-phase systems.