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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

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Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
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Modeling nitrate removal in a denitrification bed.

Ehsan Ghane1, Norman R Fausey2, Larry C Brown1

  • 1Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Water Research
|February 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Denitrification beds effectively reduce nitrate in agricultural drainage water. This study modeled these systems, finding minimal greenhouse gas emissions and efficient nitrate removal, leading to improved water quality.

Keywords:
ArrheniusBromide tracerDrainage waterForchheimerGreenhouse gasWoodchip bioreactor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Water Quality Management

Background:

  • Nitrate pollution from agricultural subsurface drainage impacts surface water quality.
  • Denitrification beds utilize anaerobic carbon media to convert nitrate to nitrogen gas.
  • Understanding greenhouse gas emissions and nitrate removal kinetics is crucial for system optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a model for denitrification beds treating agricultural drainage water.
  • To assess greenhouse gas emissions associated with denitrification bed operation.
  • To determine the nitrate removal kinetics in a field-scale denitrification bed.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiments were conducted on an existing denitrification bed.
  • Greenhouse gas emissions (N2O) were measured from the bed surface.
  • Nitrate removal rates were analyzed using Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
  • A novel denitrification bed model was developed based on water flow and nitrate removal kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Very low mean N2O emission rates (0.12 μg N m⁻² min⁻¹) were observed.
  • Nitrate removal followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a constant of 7.2 mg N L⁻¹.
  • The developed model accurately predicted outflow nitrate concentrations.
  • The model demonstrated satisfactory performance in simulating bed outflow.

Conclusions:

  • Denitrification beds are effective in reducing nitrate load in agricultural drainage water.
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from these systems are minimal.
  • The developed model can aid in the design of efficient denitrification beds for enhanced water quality.