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Surface micro-structuring of zirconia dental implants.

J Fischer1,2,3, A Schott2, S Märtin3

  • 1Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University Hospital of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Clinical Oral Implants Research
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Sandblasting and etching zirconia implants enhances surface roughness and fracture load. A reliable process involves 105-μm alumina sandblasting, HF etching, and heat treatment for optimal zirconia implant surfaces.

Keywords:
fracture loadmicrostructuremonoclinic phaseroughnesszirconia implants

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Zirconia implants offer biocompatibility and aesthetics.
  • Surface modification techniques are crucial for improving implant osseointegration and mechanical stability.
  • Sandblasting and acid etching are common methods to create microstructured surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the effects of sandblasting and hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching on the surface morphology and mechanical strength of zirconia implants.
  • To determine the optimal parameters for creating microstructured zirconia implant surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Zirconia implant blanks were subjected to sandblasting with 105-μm alumina at 6 bar, followed by HF etching and heat treatment at 1250°C.
  • Surface topography was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
  • Surface roughness (Ra), monoclinic volume fraction, and static fracture load were measured.

Main Results:

  • Sandblasting increased surface roughness (Ra) up to 1.2 μm, creating scratches and sharp edges.
  • Fracture load increased by 30% after 20 sandblasting cycles.
  • HF etching rounded sharp edges and created pits, slightly decreasing fracture load.
  • Heat treatment reduced fracture load, but roughness remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • Sandblasting with 105-μm alumina followed by 1-hour HF etching and 1-hour heat treatment at 1250°C is a reliable process.
  • This method consistently creates a surface roughness of approximately Ra = 1.2 μm on zirconia implants.
  • The process is tolerant and suitable for generating microstructured zirconia implant surfaces.