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Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
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Converting fluid-based cytologic specimens to histologic specimens for immunohistochemistry.

Koranda A Wallace¹, Michael H Goldschmidt¹, Reema T Patel¹

¹Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

|February 3, 2015

Summary

A new gel foam cell block technique effectively uses immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to differentiate neoplastic epithelial cells from mesothelial cells in effusions. This method also allows immunophenotyping of round cell populations, aiding in diagnosing canine and feline cancers.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Cytopathology
Immunohistochemistry

Background:

Cavitary effusions are routinely evaluated for neoplastic causes using cytology.
Distinguishing neoplastic epithelial from mesothelial cells in effusions via cytology is challenging.
Cytology alone cannot determine the immunophenotype of round cell populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess a gel foam cell block technique for preparing cavitary effusions for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.
To characterize potential neoplastic cells within effusions using IHC.

Main Methods:

Gel foam cell block technique applied to 13 canine and 7 feline effusions.
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using vimentin and cytokeratin on cell blocks.
Evaluation of cohesive cell populations and round cell populations.

Main Results:

Gel foam cell blocks enabled robust IHC staining for vimentin and cytokeratin.
Accurate differentiation of mesothelial from epithelial cell populations was achieved.
Immunophenotyping identified 4 effusions with malignant round cells as B- or T-cell lymphoma.

Conclusions:

Gel foam cell blocks combined with IHC are effective for characterizing cells in effusions.
This technique allows differentiation of epithelial and mesothelial cells and immunophenotyping of lymphoid populations.
The method is both cost-effective and time-efficient for veterinary diagnostics.