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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Hypothalamic gene expression underlying pre-hibernation satiety.

C Schwartz1, M Hampton, M T Andrews

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA.

Genes, Brain, and Behavior
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ground squirrels naturally reduce food intake before hibernation, a process linked to specific gene changes in the hypothalamus. This study identifies key genes, offering insights into feeding behavior and metabolic diseases.

Keywords:
AdiponectinIllumina HiSeqfood intakehibernationhypophagiahypothalamusleptinobesitysatietyseasonal behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics

Background:

  • 13-lined ground squirrels exhibit a natural, significant drop in food consumption before hibernation, termed hypophagia.
  • This feeding transition occurs under stable environmental conditions and prior to exposure to hibernation temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic underpinnings of the autumnal hypophagic period in 13-lined ground squirrels.
  • To identify genes in the hypothalamus associated with the regulation of food intake and satiety.

Main Methods:

  • Hypothalamic transcriptomes of ground squirrels were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 system.
  • Gene expression profiles were compared between squirrels before and after the natural feeding transition.

Main Results:

  • 143 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed.
  • Five genes linked to feeding behavior and obesity (VGF, TRH, LEPR, ADIPOR2, IRS2) were upregulated during hypophagia.
  • Serum leptin levels significantly increased in the hypophagic group.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified key genes and pathways involved in the natural decline of food intake in ground squirrels.
  • These findings suggest parallels with signaling pathways implicated in human metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
  • Identified genes may offer targets for understanding and managing food consumption in humans and other animals.