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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Photoallergy.

Anna Wilm1, Mark Berneburg

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Germany.

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|February 3, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many substances can cause photoallergic skin reactions after ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Systemically triggered photoallergy is rare, and the photopatch test is key for diagnosing these UV-related reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Photoallergic skin reactions can be induced by topical or systemic substances upon ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure.
  • Photoallergic contact dermatitis from topical agents is more common than systemic photoallergy.
  • Accurate diagnosis of photo-induced skin reactions is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic approach for photoallergic and phototoxic reactions.
  • To emphasize the role of the photopatch test in identifying UV-radiation-induced skin conditions.
  • To differentiate between common topical and rare systemic photoallergic reactions.

Main Methods:

  • The photopatch test, a modified patch test involving UV exposure, is the primary diagnostic tool.
  • Evaluation of patient history and clinical presentation is essential.
  • Differential diagnosis between photoallergic and phototoxic reactions.

Main Results:

  • The photopatch test is effective in diagnosing photoallergic and phototoxic reactions.
  • Systemically triggered photoallergy is significantly less frequent than topically triggered photoallergy.
  • UV radiation is a critical factor in the development of these reactions.

Conclusions:

  • The photopatch test is the gold standard for diagnosing photoallergic and phototoxic skin reactions.
  • Understanding the route of substance administration (topical vs. systemic) is important for diagnosis.
  • Further research into systemic photoallergy may be warranted.