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Related Concept Videos

Neuronal Communication01:28

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
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A new work mechanism on neuronal activity.

Rubin Wang1, Ichiro Tsuda, Zhikang Zhang

  • 1Institute for Cognitive Neurodynamics, School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China , School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China , Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N12 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan 001-0012, Japan.

International Journal of Neural Systems
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals neurons absorb then consume energy during action potentials, challenging current models. This finding explains brain blood flow changes and synchronized perception.

Keywords:
Action potentialinformation codingnegative neuronal energyneural energy fieldneuronal energy coding

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Bioenergetics

Background:

  • Current models of neuronal energy consumption are inadequate.
  • Existing biological neural networks do not explain observed energy dynamics.
  • The relationship between neural activity and cerebral blood flow is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine the neuronal activity energy model.
  • To computationally demonstrate novel energy dynamics during action potentials.
  • To explain discrepancies in brain energy metabolism and neural response timing.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of neuronal energy absorption and consumption.
  • Analysis of action potential dynamics.
  • Theoretical explanation of neurovascular coupling.

Main Results:

  • Neurons exhibit an energy absorption phase preceding energy consumption during action potentials.
  • This energy dynamic explains the small incremental oxygen consumption despite significant blood flow increases during neural excitation.
  • Negative energy states in sub-threshold neurons contribute to the delay in blood flow response.

Conclusions:

  • The current neuronal activity energy model requires revision.
  • A new understanding of neuronal bioenergetics can elucidate neurovascular coupling.
  • Computational findings provide a framework for understanding brain-wide phenomena like synchronized perception.