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Adsorption of Gases on Solids01:28

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

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Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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Physisorption and chemisorption on silver clusters.

Martin Schmidt1, Albert Masson, Hai-Ping Cheng

  • 1Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France). Martin.Schmidt@u-psud.fr.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrogen weakly adsorbs on silver clusters, while oxygen strongly chemisorbs and activates. Cluster size and electron configuration significantly influence oxygen activation on silver nanoparticles.

Keywords:
chemisorptionclustersnitrogenoxygensilver

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding adsorption on metal nanoparticles is crucial for catalysis and materials science.
  • Silver nanoparticles exhibit unique electronic and chemical properties compared to bulk silver.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adsorption and coadsorption behavior of nitrogen and oxygen on free silver clusters.
  • To elucidate the factors governing the stability and reactivity of silver clusters with adsorbates, particularly oxygen.

Main Methods:

  • Adsorption and coadsorption experiments on free silver clusters.
  • Analysis of electronic configurations and their impact on adsorption properties.
  • Size-dependent studies to understand quantum effects in small clusters.

Main Results:

  • Nitrogen exhibits physisorption behavior, similar to rare gases.
  • Oxygen chemisorbs on silver clusters, showing both similarities and differences to bulk silver surfaces.
  • Silver nanoparticles activate and can dissociate oxygen molecules.
  • Cluster stability is primarily determined by global electron configurations, superseding geometric and site effects.
  • Oxygen activation on silver clusters is highly size-dependent due to electronic shell effects and electron pairing.
  • Quantum effects influencing oxygen activation diminish in clusters with over 40 free electrons, leading to smoother size dependence.

Conclusions:

  • The electronic structure of silver clusters and adsorbates dictates adsorption behavior and stability.
  • Size-dependent quantum effects play a critical role in oxygen activation on small silver nanoparticles.
  • Reactivity trends in larger silver clusters are governed by nanoparticle charge state and charge transfer during reactions.