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Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Evaluating developmental motor plasticity with paired afferent stimulation.

Omar Damji1,2,3, Jamie Keess2,3, Adam Kirton2,3,4

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Paired afferent stimulation (PAS) effectively enhances brain plasticity in children, showing reproducible effects. This safe and tolerable technique offers insights into developmental brain changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Brain plasticity mechanisms in children are not well understood.
  • Paired afferent stimulation (PAS) in adults induces rapid, specific increases in motor cortex excitability.
  • Investigating PAS in children can reveal developmental plasticity insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the frequency and characteristics of PAS effects in school-age children.
  • Assess the impact of age on PAS effects.
  • Evaluate the reproducibility and safety of PAS in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Paired afferent stimulation (PAS) involved peripheral median nerve stimulation preceding transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex.
  • Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured at various time points post-PAS to assess changes in cortical excitability.
  • Stimulus response curves, reproducibility, and safety/tolerability were evaluated in typically developing children (6-18 years).

Main Results:

  • 64% of children demonstrated PAS effects, which were sustained up to 75 minutes.
  • PAS increased stimulus response curve scores, indicating enhanced cortical excitability.
  • PAS effects were reproducible and not correlated with age; the procedure was safe and well-tolerated.

Conclusions:

  • Paired afferent stimulation (PAS) effects are present and reproducible in children.
  • Pediatric PAS paradigms are safe and tolerable.
  • PAS can provide valuable insights into developmental brain plasticity, aiding research in pediatric motor disorders.