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Related Concept Videos

Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters01:23

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters

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Drug absorption involves the movement of drugs from the point of administration into the systemic circulation. Initially, Gastrointestinal (GI) motility propels the drug through the digestive tract and into the stomach. However, the stomach's high acidity and limited surface area restrict its role in drug absorption for most drugs. The drug then moves from the stomach to the small intestine via gastric emptying, which can be slowed by various factors, including interactions with other...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates
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Density-dependent gastroretentive microparticles motion in human gastric emptying studied using computer simulation.

Shilei Hao1, Bochu Wang1, Yazhou Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Density-dependent gastroretentive drug delivery systems can be optimized by controlling microparticle density. Densities outside a specific range significantly improve gastric retention time compared to conventional methods.

Keywords:
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)DensityDensity-dependent gastroretentive microparticlesGastric emptyingGastric retention abilityViscosity

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Density-dependent gastroretentive drug delivery systems aim to prolong gastric retention time.
  • Current designs often overlook fluid dynamics during gastric emptying.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 2-D multiple-phase flow model for simulating gastric emptying and microparticle motion.
  • To investigate the impact of microparticle density, microparticle viscosity, and gastric juice viscosity on gastric retention.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of gastric emptying using a 2-D multiple-phase flow model.
  • Analysis of gastroretentive microparticle motion under varying density and viscosity conditions.

Main Results:

  • Microparticle density significantly influences gastric retention; densities below 550 kg/m³ or above 2500 kg/m³ maintained over 90% retention.
  • Recirculating gastric flows can lead to conventional-density microparticle loss.
  • Microparticle and gastric juice viscosity also affect retention rates.

Conclusions:

  • Computational fluid dynamics models offer valuable insights into the fluid dynamics of gastroretentive microparticles.
  • Optimizing microparticle density is crucial for enhancing gastric retention in drug delivery systems.