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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Synthesis of Phase-shift Nanoemulsions with Narrow Size Distributions for Acoustic Droplet Vaporization and Bubble-enhanced Ultrasound-mediated Ablation
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Factors affecting ultrasonic release from eLiposomes.

James R Lattin1, William G Pitt

  • 1Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasound-responsive emulsion liposomes (eLiposomes) show enhanced drug release compared to conventional liposomes. Release is influenced by droplet size and ultrasound parameters, not significantly by temperature.

Keywords:
acoustic droplet vaporizationcalceineLiposomeemulsionliposomeperfluorocarbontargeted drug deliverytemperatureultrasoundvapor pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Liposomes are versatile drug carriers, but their responsiveness can be enhanced.
  • Ultrasound-triggered drug release offers spatiotemporal control.
  • Emulsion liposomes (eLiposomes) integrate emulsion droplets for novel functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultrasound-actuated drug release from eLiposomes.
  • To determine the impact of eLiposome size, droplet size, and ultrasound parameters on drug release.
  • To test physical hypotheses of acoustic droplet vaporization, vapor pressure, and Laplace pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of eLiposomes with varying vesicle and emulsion droplet sizes (200 nm and 800 nm vesicles; 100 nm and 450 nm droplets).
  • Quantification of calcein release using spectroscopic methods.
  • Systematic variation of temperature, perfluorocarbon (PFC) properties, ultrasound frequency, and mechanical index.

Main Results:

  • eLiposomes demonstrated significantly higher calcein release than conventional liposomes.
  • Calcein release generally decreased with smaller droplet sizes, aligning with Laplace pressure predictions.
  • Temperature showed a minimal effect on release, contrary to vapor pressure expectations.
  • Release decreased with increasing ultrasound frequency at constant pressure amplitude and time.
  • Drug release correlated strongly with the ultrasound mechanical index, irrespective of frequency.

Conclusions:

  • eLiposomes are effective ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems.
  • Laplace pressure and gas-phase nucleation play key roles in eLiposome rupture.
  • Ultrasound mechanical index is a critical parameter for controlling eLiposome drug release.