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Age and practice effects on inter-manual performance asymmetry.

Karen L Francis1, Priscilla G MacRae2, Waneen W Spirduso3

  • 1Motor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 3, 2015
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Summary

Aging does not affect inter-manual asymmetry in isometric force pinch tasks. While younger and young-old adults improved with practice, the oldest group did not, though asymmetry remained unchanged.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Manual dexterity typically declines with age.
  • The impact of aging on inter-manual asymmetry (differences in performance between hands) is not well understood.
  • Investigating how age and practice influence hand performance differences is crucial for understanding motor control in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effects of age and practice on inter-manual performance asymmetry.
  • To analyze how task difficulty influences manual asymmetry across different age groups.
  • To determine if practice can mitigate age-related changes in manual dexterity and asymmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty right-handed participants were divided into three age groups: young (20s), young-old (70s), and old-old (80s).
  • Participants practiced an isometric force pinch line tracing task for 10 trials per hand over five consecutive days.
  • Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze inter-manual asymmetry, age, practice, task difficulty, and hand effects.

Main Results:

  • No significant inter-manual performance asymmetry was observed across any age group for hand performance differences or asymmetry index (AI).
  • Age and practice interacted: younger and young-old groups improved accuracy and reduced task time with practice, but the old-old group did not.
  • Task difficulty significantly impacted performance, with all groups showing poorer performance and larger AIs on more challenging segments, unaffected by practice.

Conclusions:

  • Aging does not appear to induce inter-manual asymmetry in isometric force pinch tasks.
  • While practice benefits younger and young-old adults, the oldest adults show limited improvement, suggesting age-related decline in motor learning.
  • Task difficulty consistently affects performance and asymmetry, regardless of age or practice, highlighting the persistent influence of task demands.