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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes TILLING Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis
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Heritable site-specific mutagenesis using TALENs in maize.

Si Nian Char1, Erica Unger-Wallace1, Bronwyn Frame2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.

Plant Biotechnology Journal
|February 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology enables precise genome editing in maize. This study successfully generated heritable mutations at the maize glossy2 locus using TALENs, facilitating gene function discovery and crop improvement.

Keywords:
Glossy2TAL effector nucleasegene editingmaizetargeted mutagenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Genetics and genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology is a powerful tool for targeted gene modification.
  • Previous applications have focused on gene inactivation in various organisms, including important crop plants.
  • Genome editing in maize is crucial for understanding gene function and improving agricultural traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply TALEN technology for generating heritable genome modifications in maize.
  • To create stable mutations at the maize glossy2 (gl2) locus.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of TALENs for maize functional genomics and trait development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized TALENs to induce targeted mutations in the maize glossy2 gene.
  • Generated transgenic maize lines using the Hi-II genotype.
  • Analyzed mutations in T1 generation progeny for heritability and phenotypic effects.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a mutation frequency of approximately 10% (nine mutated events in 91 transgenic events).
  • Obtained transgenic lines with mono- or di-allelic mutations at the gl2 locus.
  • Confirmed functional mutations in progeny, conferring the glossy phenotype, with independent segregation of T-DNA.

Conclusions:

  • TALENs are an effective tool for genome mutagenesis in maize.
  • This technology enables the generation of stable, heritable mutations for gene function studies.
  • TALEN-mediated genome editing holds potential for maize trait improvement and agricultural advancement.