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Parietal transcranial direct current stimulation modulates primary motor cortex excitability.

Guadalupe Nathzidy Rivera-Urbina1, Giorgi Batsikadze, Andrés Molero-Chamizo

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|February 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the posterior parietal cortex alters motor cortex excitability and connectivity. Anodal tDCS enhances corticospinal excitability, while cathodal tDCS reduces it, demonstrating spatially specific, lasting effects.

Keywords:
motor evoked potentialplasticityshort interval intracortical inhibition/intracortical facilitationtranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is integral to motor learning and connected to the primary motor cortex (M1).
  • Neuroplasticity in parieto-motor connections is crucial for learning, but its modulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains underexplored in humans.
  • tDCS has shown potential in improving motor learning, highlighting the relevance of studying its effects on parieto-motor pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuroplastic alterations in parieto-motor cortical connections induced by tDCS in healthy individuals.
  • To explore the spatial specificity of tDCS effects on PPC and M1.
  • To determine the impact of tDCS on corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition/facilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) before and after tDCS over the left PPC (P3) and adjacent areas.
  • Short-interval intracortical inhibition/intracortical facilitation (SICI/ICF) over M1 was assessed at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs).
  • Parieto-motor cortical connectivity was evaluated using TMS at specific ISIs (10 and 15 ms).

Main Results:

  • tDCS over the PPC induced polarity-dependent changes in M1 excitability, lasting over 120 minutes.
  • Anodal tDCS enhanced MEPs, M1 SICI/ICF, and parieto-motor connectivity at 10 and 15 ms ISIs.
  • Cathodal tDCS reduced MEPs and parieto-motor connectivity at 10 and 15 ms ISIs, indicating spatially specific effects.

Conclusions:

  • Remote stimulation of parietal areas via tDCS effectively modulates M1 excitability.
  • The observed effects on corticospinal excitability and parieto-motor connectivity suggest a significant role of brain connectivity.
  • These findings support the potential of tDCS for targeted modulation of neural pathways involved in motor learning.