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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

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Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
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Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

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Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
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Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

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Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Impact of stent size on angiographic and clinical outcomes after implantation of everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffolds in daily practice: insights from the ISAR-ABSORB registry.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
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Procedure-related bleeding in elective percutaneous coronary interventions.

Gjin Ndrepepa1, Tilman Stephan, Katrin Anette Fiedler

  • 1Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|February 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Procedure-related bleeding in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention increases 1-year mortality risk. This highlights the importance of managing bleeding events post-PCI for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Bleedingmortalitymyocardial infarctionpercutaneous coronary interventionstable coronary artery disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Clinical Outcomes Research

Background:

  • The prognostic impact of bleeding during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is not fully understood.
  • Investigating the link between peri-procedural bleeding and long-term outcomes is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between bleeding occurring within 30 days of elective PCI and 1-year mortality in patients with stable CAD.
  • To assess the impact of procedure-related bleeding on the effectiveness of PCI in reducing mortality.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 9035 patients with stable CAD undergoing elective PCI was analyzed.
  • Bleeding events were classified using Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria within 30 days post-PCI.
  • The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality.

Main Results:

  • Bleeding occurred in 9.3% of patients; actionable bleeding (BARC class ≥ 2) in 4.9%.
  • One-year mortality was 4.9% in patients with bleeding versus 2.1% without bleeding (OR = 2.41, P < 0.001).
  • Bleeding remained a significant independent predictor of 1-year mortality (aHR = 1.87, P = 0.002) and improved predictive models.

Conclusions:

  • Peri-PCI bleeding in stable CAD patients is significantly associated with increased 1-year mortality.
  • Procedure-related bleeding may compromise the mortality benefits of elective PCI in stable CAD.
  • Minimizing bleeding complications is essential for optimizing PCI outcomes in this patient population.