Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence01:16

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

8.4K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
8.4K
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

31.3K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
31.3K
Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

Introduction to Test of Independence

3.2K
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
3.2K
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

2.8K
Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
2.8K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

45.3K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
45.3K
Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

17.6K
Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
17.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoupled Drivers of Phylogenetic Diversity and Community Assembly Signals Across Forest Types in a Temperate Forest, South Korea.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Associations of Biotic and Abiotic Factors with Phylogenetic Community Structure Across Temperate Forests in South Korea.

Biology·2026
Same author

Forest Strata and Abiotic Factors Primarily Regulate Understory Species Richness Rather than Forest Type in a Temperate Forest of South Korea.

Biology·2025
Same author

Tree niche characteristics primarily regulate species, phylogenetic and functional diversity of tree communities across forest types in South Korea.

The Science of the total environment·2025
Same author

Ecosystem multifunctionality in temperate forests of South Korea is primarily controlled by structural diversity and potential moisture availability with synergy effects between ecosystem functions.

Journal of environmental management·2025
Same author

Elevational Variation in and Environmental Determinants of Fungal Diversity in Forest Ecosystems of Korean Peninsula.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K

Specific deterrence, community context, and drunk driving: an event history analysis.

Chang-Bae Lee1, Raymond H C Teske2

  • 1University of Ulsan, South Korea changbaelee@ulsan.ac.kr.

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
|February 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study on driving while intoxicated (DWI) probationers found that punishment severity and swiftness, criminal history, and completing DWI education impacted probation success. Community factors did not significantly influence outcomes.

Keywords:
community contextsdrunk drivingevent history analysisrecidivismspecific deterrence

More Related Videos

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.9K
A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.9K
A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.4K

Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Recidivism research traditionally emphasizes offender-specific factors and sanction types.
  • A gap exists in understanding the interplay between individual characteristics, community contexts, and offender recidivism, particularly for driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine individual and community factors influencing recidivism among felony-level DWI probationers.
  • To investigate the specific deterrent effects of sanctions on probation success while controlling for community contexts.
  • To explore how informal social control processes mediate individual-level predictors of recidivism.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study of 370 felony-level DWI probationers in Harris County, Texas.
  • Event history analyses were employed to track probationers over an 8-year period.
  • Statistical models controlled for community contexts to assess individual-level predictors and informal social control.

Main Results:

  • Severity and swiftness of punishment, prior criminal history, and completion of DWI education programs significantly predicted probationer survival time.
  • No significant influence of community contexts on probationer survival time or success was detected.
  • Reducing felony charges to misdemeanors, shorter probation terms, and immediate guilty pleas were associated with short-term probation failure.

Conclusions:

  • Individual-level factors, particularly sanction characteristics and offender history, are key determinants of DWI probation success.
  • Community contexts and informal social controls did not emerge as significant predictors in this cohort.
  • Findings suggest that tailored interventions focusing on sanction certainty, severity, and offender education may be crucial for reducing DWI recidivism.