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Building coral reef resilience through assisted evolution.

Madeleine J H van Oppen1, James K Oliver2, Hollie M Putnam3

  • 1Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia; and m.vanoppen@aims.gov.au.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic enhancement can aid coral reef conservation by increasing stress tolerance. This approach, known as human-assisted evolution, explores accelerating natural processes to help corals adapt to climate change impacts.

Keywords:
adaptationclimate changemicrobial symbiontsselective breedingtransgenerational acclimatization

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Conservation Genetics
  • Climate Change Ecology

Background:

  • Coral reefs face unprecedented decline due to anthropogenic climate change, including rising ocean temperatures and acidification.
  • The intrinsic adaptive capacity of corals is being overwhelmed by the rapid pace and complexity of environmental changes.
  • Traditional conservation efforts are crucial but may be insufficient to counteract current threats to coral reef ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risks and benefits of genetic enhancement in non-coral reef systems.
  • To advocate for experimental approaches to develop stress-tolerant coral stocks.
  • To initiate a public dialogue on the ethical and practical considerations of assisted evolution for coral reefs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic improvement strategies in non-coral species.
  • Proposal for experimental designs to test assisted evolution in corals.
  • Analysis of risks and benefits associated with enhancing coral stress tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Genetic enhancement has a long history of success in commercially valuable species.
  • Existing research on genetic improvement in non-coral systems provides a foundation for coral applications.
  • The feasibility of developing enhanced coral stocks through accelerated natural processes requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Human-assisted evolution presents a potential strategy to augment coral resilience against climate change.
  • Careful experimentation and risk-benefit analysis are necessary before widespread application.
  • Public engagement is vital for responsible implementation of assisted evolution in conservation.