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Cold dark matter: Controversies on small scales.

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The standard cold dark matter model faces small-scale challenges. Solutions may involve baryonic physics or complex dark matter self-interactions, impacting galaxy formation and dark matter halo properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • The cold dark matter (CDM) model successfully explains large-scale cosmic structure.
  • However, CDM faces challenges reconciling simulations with observations of small-scale structures, like dwarf galaxy satellites and dark matter halo cores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the observational and theoretical status of small-scale controversies in the CDM model.
  • To explore potential resolutions involving baryonic physics and dark matter self-interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current cosmological simulations incorporating baryonic feedback (supernova feedback).
  • Analysis of analytical models for dark matter self-interactions (elastic scattering).
  • Examination of observational evidence from galaxy dynamics, gravitational lensing, and stellar halo streams.

Main Results:

  • Simulations suggest baryonic feedback can resolve cusp-core and missing satellite problems in massive galaxies.
  • Discrepancies persist in the lowest mass galaxies, questioning purely baryonic solutions.
  • Dark matter self-interactions offer an alternative explanation, aligning halo profiles with observations.

Conclusions:

  • Small-scale controversies highlight potential limitations of collisionless CDM.
  • Baryonic physics and dark matter self-interactions are leading candidates for resolution.
  • Future observations, particularly gravitational lensing and stellar halo studies, will further test these models.