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Electroporation of Functional Bacterial Effectors into Mammalian Cells
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Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root.

Romain Derelle1, Guifré Torruella2, Vladimír Klimeš3

  • 1Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; romain.derelle@crg.es.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reanalyzes phylogenomic data to pinpoint the eukaryotic root, revealing it lies between Unikonta and Bikonta. The findings suggest eukaryotes originated from a biflagellate ancestor, proposing new group names: Opimoda and Diphoda.

Keywords:
DiphodaLECAOpimodaeukaryote phylogenyphylogenomics

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Area of Science:

  • Eukaryotic evolution
  • Phylogenomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Identifying the eukaryotic root is challenging due to phylogenetic distance between eukaryotic and archaeal genes.
  • Bacterial proteins transferred to eukaryotes offer a novel approach for phylogenomic studies.
  • Previous studies using this method yielded conflicting predictions for the eukaryotic root's position.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the eukaryotic root's position using an innovative phylogenomic approach.
  • To reanalyze existing datasets with new genomic data from jakobids and malawimonads.
  • To investigate the monophyly of the Excavata supergroup and the nature of the last eukaryotic common ancestor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized bacterial-derived proteins as phylogenetic markers.
  • Incorporated new genome sequences from Andalucia godoyi (jakobid) and malawimonad species.
  • Reanalyzed two independent phylogenomic datasets.

Main Results:

  • Both reanalyzed datasets consistently placed the eukaryotic root between the "Unikonta" and "Bikonta" clades.
  • Malawimonad and collodictyonid lineages were identified on the Unikonta side of the root.
  • The Excavata supergroup was found to be non-monophyletic.

Conclusions:

  • The last common ancestor of eukaryotes was likely a biflagellate organism.
  • Proposed renaming "Unikonta" to "Opimoda" and "Bikonta" to "Diphoda" for clarity.
  • Established a robust phylogenetic framework for understanding early eukaryotic evolution.