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Related Concept Videos

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

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In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Porous Silicon Microparticles for Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics
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Hindered nanoparticle diffusion and void accessibility in a three-dimensional porous medium.

Michael J Skaug1, Liang Wang, Yifu Ding

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.

ACS Nano
|February 4, 2015
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Summary

Particle diffusion in porous materials is complex due to pore heterogeneity. Our study reveals size-dependent mobility and limited volume accessibility, impacting transport predictions.

Keywords:
diffusionfluorescencenanoparticleporous mediasingle-particle trackingtransport

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Porous materials exhibit inherent pore-scale heterogeneity.
  • Modeling porous transport is challenging due to poorly understood microscopic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nanoparticle diffusion in 3D porous materials.
  • To understand the impact of pore heterogeneity on particle mobility and accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Single-particle tracking experiments.
  • Studied diffusion of individual nanoparticles in a 3D porous material.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant hydrodynamic damping of particle motion at subpore scales.
  • Found heterogeneous and spatially dependent particle mobility.
  • Demonstrated strong dependence of void space accessibility on particle size.

Conclusions:

  • Pore-scale diffusion is more heterogeneous than previously expected.
  • Volume accessibility in porous materials is more limited than anticipated.
  • The developed method allows studying porous polymers and other advanced materials.