Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes
09:13

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

14.4K

Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction

Akram M Zaaqoq1, Faisal A Khasawneh2, Roger D Smalligan3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.

Cardiology Research and Practice
|February 5, 2015
PubMed

Insights

People with HIV experience more cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to immune dysfunction and inflammation. Early antiretroviral therapy and managing traditional risk factors are key for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Prolonged survival in HIV infection leads to increased non-HIV-related comorbidities.
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occur earlier and at higher rates in HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the contributing factors to increased cardiovascular disease risk in HIV-infected patients.
  • To highlight the role of immune dysfunction and inflammation as nontraditional risk factors for CVD in HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of proposed traditional and nontraditional risk factors for CVD in HIV.
  • Examination of elevated inflammatory markers (e.g., hs-CRP, D-dimer, IL-6) and their association with CVD risk.

Main Results:

  • Immune dysfunction is a significant nontraditional risk factor for cardiovascular pathology in HIV.
  • Elevated inflammatory markers are associated with increased CVD risk in HIV-infected patients.

Conclusions:

  • Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended.
  • Aggressive management of traditional CVD risk factors is crucial for HIV-positive individuals.
  • Further research into CVD mechanisms and chronic inflammation modification in HIV is needed.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

18.1K
Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment07:21

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

Published on: June 23, 2019

22.8K

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
3.6K
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
990
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.6K
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
6
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
805
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.8K