Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 17, 2026
07:44
Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
Published on: May 12, 2023
1.8K
Strengthening routine immunization systems to improve global vaccination coverage
1Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, MS A-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA ssodha@cdc.gov.
British Medical Bulletin
|February 5, 2015
Summary
Global diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination coverage for infants has stalled. Addressing socioeconomic factors and expanding vaccine platforms are crucial for improving immunization rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Immunization Systems
- Global Health Equity
Background:
- Global coverage for the third diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine dose in infants stagnated between 2008-2013.
- Vaccination rates remained around 83-84%, indicating a lack of progress in global immunization efforts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze factors associated with incomplete childhood vaccinations.
- To identify strategies for strengthening immunization programs within the Global Vaccine Action Plan framework.
Main Methods:
- Utilized annual national vaccination coverage estimates derived from World Health Organization and UNICEF data.
- Analyzed associations between incomplete vaccination and various socioeconomic and service-related factors.
Main Results:
- Incomplete vaccination is linked to poor socioeconomic status, lower education levels, and reduced access to maternal-child health services.
- Conflict-affected areas, missed immunization opportunities, and cancelled vaccination sessions also contribute to vaccination gaps.
Conclusions:
- The Global Vaccine Action Plan (2011-2020) provides a framework for enhancing immunization systems.
- Programmes must expand vaccination platforms to include older children and integrate within broader health systems to address identified gaps.
Related Concept Videos
01:51Vaccinations
54.7K
Overview
54.7K
01:21Vaccines
62
Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
62
01:23Vaccine Production
99
Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
99
01:22Development of Immunocompetence
1.2K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.2K
01:28International Nursing Organizations II
1.5K
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
1.5K
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
4.3K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
4.3K