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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis
Published on: August 7, 2018
VvpM induces human cell death via multifarious modes including necroptosis and autophagy
Mi-Ae Lee1, Jeong-A Kim, Mee-Young Shin
1Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
VvpM, one of the extracellular metalloproteases produced by Vibrio vulnificus, induces apoptotic cell death via a pathway consisting of ERK activation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases-9 and -3. VvpM-treated cells also showed necrotic cell death as stained by propidium iodide (PI). The percentage of PI-stained cells was decreased by pretreatment with Necrostatin-1, indicating that VvpM-mediated cell death occurs through necroptosis. The appearance of autophagic vesicles and lipidated form of light-chain-3B in rVvpM-treated cells suggests an involvement of autophagy in this process. Therefore, the multifarious action of VvpM might be one of the factors responsible for V. vulnificus pathogenesis.
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