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Related Concept Videos

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Visual face-movement sensitive cortex is relevant for auditory-only speech recognition.

Philipp Riedel1, Patrick Ragert2, Stefanie Schelinski2

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Deptartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|February 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual areas like the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) are crucial for auditory speech recognition, especially when speakers are known. Disrupting pSTS function impairs both visual and auditory speech perception, supporting the auditory-visual view.

Keywords:
AuditoryLip-readingPredictionSpeechpSTStDCS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • The role of visual cortex recruitment in auditory tasks is debated.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests visual areas, like the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), aid auditory-only speech recognition, particularly for familiar speakers.
  • This supports the 'auditory-visual view' over the 'auditory-only view'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between left pSTS activity and auditory-only speech recognition performance.
  • To determine if pSTS involvement is essential for speech recognition when speakers are familiar through audio-visual learning.

Main Methods:

  • Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied to the pSTS to down-regulate cortical excitability.
  • tDCS was administered during visual-only speech recognition (familiarity via vision) and auditory-only speech recognition (familiarity via audio-visual learning).
  • Control groups received tDCS to other brain regions (BA6/44) or sham stimulation.

Main Results:

  • tDCS to the pSTS significantly impaired visual-only speech recognition performance compared to controls.
  • Critically, pSTS stimulation selectively decreased auditory-only speech recognition for speakers previously learned through both voice and face.
  • No such decrease was observed for auditory-only speech recognition of unfamiliar speakers.

Conclusions:

  • Provides direct causal evidence for the pSTS's role in visual-only speech recognition, aligning with face-processing models.
  • Demonstrates that the visual face-sensitive pSTS causally optimizes auditory-only speech recognition, supporting the 'auditory-visual view'.
  • Auditory speech perception is enhanced by predictions derived from stored audio-visual speaker models.