Increased risk of acute pancreatitis following pneumococcal pneumonia: a nationwide cohort study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of acute pancreatitis following pneumococcal pneumonia in Taiwan.

We undertook a retrospective cohort study using the hospitalisation claims data of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. We identified 16709 subjects aged 20-84 with the first-attack of pneumococcal pneumonia between 1998 and 2010 as the pneumonia group and we randomly selected 66836 subjects without a history of pneumonia as the non-pneumonia group. Both groups were matched for gender, age and index year. We examined the incidence of acute pancreatitis by the end of 2010 and we used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of acute pancreatitis associated with pneumococcal pneumonia and other comorbidities.

Subjects with pneumococcal pneumonia had higher incidence of acute pancreatitis, when compared with non-pneumonia subjects (2.41 vs. 1.47 per 1000 person-years, crude HR 1.65, 95% CI=1.38, 1.97). The highest risk of developing acute pancreatitis occurred during the first 3 months after diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia (crude HR 4.11, 95% CI 1.98, 8.52). After adjusted for potential confounders, the adjusted HR of acute pancreatitis was 1.51 (95% CI 1.25, 1.82) for the pneumonia group, as compared with the non-pneumonia group.

Overall, this study reveals a 51% increased hazard of acute pancreatitis following infection with pneumococcal pneumonia. Patients with pneumococcal pneumonia should receive close surveillance for risk of developing acute pancreatitis during the first 3 months after diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia.