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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

3
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
3
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Activity-based Training on a Treadmill with Spinal Cord Injured Wistar Rats
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Management of chronic spinal cord dysfunction.

Gary M Abrams, Karunesh Ganguly

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |February 5, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Advances in managing chronic spinal cord dysfunction offer improved symptomatic relief and functional independence. Treatments include botulinum toxin for bladder issues, pregabalin for pain, and locomotor training for walking ability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Rehabilitation Medicine

    Background:

    • Spinal cord disorders present complex multisystem management challenges.
    • Chronic spinal cord dysfunction requires ongoing clinical attention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight key issues in managing chronic spinal cord dysfunction.
    • To review recent advances in symptomatic management.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on spinal cord dysfunction management.
    • Focus on symptomatic treatments and rehabilitation.

    Main Results:

    • Botulinum toxin effectively manages detrusor hyperreflexia.
    • Pregabalin aids in neuropathic pain management.
    • Intensive locomotor training improves walking in incomplete spinal cord injuries.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant advancements in spinal cord dysfunction care over 20 years.
    • Comprehensive management optimizes functional independence and quality of life.