Multifocal phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala xenobiotica in a kidney transplant recipient

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Transplantation Immunology

Background:

• Opportunistic fungal infections are an increasing threat to solid organ transplant recipients.
• Black fungi, particularly Exophiala species, are emerging pathogens in immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

• A kidney transplant recipient presented with a multifocal, insidious infection caused by Exophiala xenobiotica.
• The infection was relentless and required aggressive management strategies.

Findings:

• The patient underwent multiple surgical excisions to manage the disseminated infection.
• Combination antifungal therapy, including liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole, was administered both orally and intravenously.

Implications:

• This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of Exophiala xenobiotica in transplant recipients.
• Effective management strategies for these challenging infections may involve multimodal approaches including surgery and combination antifungal therapy.