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The neostriatum: two entities, one structure?

Violeta G Lopez-Huerta1, Yoko Nakano1, Johannes Bausenwein1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The striosome and matrix compartments of the neostriatum do not exchange synaptic information. Optogenetic inhibition of matrix neurons impairs learned motor task performance, confirming their distinct functional roles.

Keywords:
Adeno-associated virusDopamineLimbic systemNeuromodulationReach-to-graspVolume transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • The neostriatum comprises two distinct neuronal compartments: the striosome and the matrix.
  • These compartments exhibit unique biochemical markers, developmental trajectories, and connectivity patterns.
  • Previous evidence suggested potential functional independence despite interconnected neuronal structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the striosome and matrix compartments of the neostriatum exchange synaptic information.
  • To determine the functional role of the matrix compartment in motor learning and execution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized adeno-associated virus serotype 10 (AAVrh10) for genetic expression of channelrhodopsin-2 selectively in matrix neurons.
  • Performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to assess synaptic transmission between compartments.
  • Employed designer receptors exclusively activated by a designer drug (DREADD) hM3di to inhibit matrix neurons in the dorsolateral striatum.
  • Administered clozapine-n-oxide to activate DREADDs and assess behavioral impact.

Main Results:

  • Optogenetic activation of matrix neurons evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in other matrix neurons but not in striosome neurons.
  • Inhibition of the matrix neuronal compartment significantly impaired the performance of a learned single-pellet reach-to-grasp task.
  • These findings demonstrate a lack of synaptic communication between striosomes and the matrix.

Conclusions:

  • The striosome and matrix compartments of the neostriatum are functionally independent units lacking direct synaptic exchange.
  • The matrix compartment plays a crucial role in the execution of learned motor tasks.
  • This study clarifies the distinct functional roles of neostriatal compartments in motor control.