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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo Model for Testing Effect of Hypoxia on Tumor Metastasis
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In Vivo Model for Testing Effect of Hypoxia on Tumor Metastasis

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Violacein anticancer activity is enhanced under hypoxia.

Saeed M Hashimi1, Tiefeng Xu2, Ming Q Wei1

  • 1Division of Molecular and Gene Therapies, Griffith Health Institute, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4215, Australia.

Oncology Reports
|February 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia enhances the cancer-fighting ability of violacein, a natural compound. This study explored violacein

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Current solid tumor treatments lack specific targeting, causing toxicities.
  • Natural compounds show potential for inducing apoptosis, a key process in cancer.
  • Violacein is a natural compound with potential anti-cancer properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the anti-proliferative activity of violacein against human cancer cell lines under normal and hypoxic conditions.
  • To investigate the in vivo efficacy of violacein in a tumor-bearing mouse model.
  • To explore the targeted delivery of violacein using a genetically modified Salmonella strain.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed anti-proliferative activity of violacein in various human cancer cell lines.
  • Evaluated violacein's effects in a subcutaneous mouse model with tumors.
  • Engineered a tumor-targeting Salmonella strain to produce violacein.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia significantly increased violacein's cytotoxic effects, notably in colon, head and neck, and breast cancer cell lines.
  • Violacein administration led to tumor regression and increased survival in mice.
  • Engineered Salmonella produced active violacein, indicating potential for targeted delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia synergizes violacein's anti-cancer effects.
  • Violacein demonstrates promising in vivo efficacy, warranting further investigation as a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • Genetically modified Salmonella offers a potential platform for targeted violacein delivery to tumors.