Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Higher-order thalamic bursts are drivers of attention control.

Neuron·2026

Same author

Mammalian Brains Seen through the Lens of Evolution.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same author

Dynamic Modulation of Beta-Band Oscillations in the LGN and Their Role in Visual Processing.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same author

A Reconsideration of Parallel Processing in Vision: Importance of Lower Spatial Frequencies to Form Vision.

The European journal of neuroscience·2025

Same author

Causal role for pulvinar burst firing in thalamo-cortical attention control.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Spatial Attention Weakly Modulates Visual Responses in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.

eNeuro·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

Surround suppression and temporal processing of visual signals.

Henry J Alitto¹, W Martin Usrey²

¹Center for Neuroscience, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and.

Journal of Neurophysiology

|February 6, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extraclassical surround suppression impacts neuronal communication, reliability, and response duration in the early visual system. This finding reveals its dynamic role in temporal visual processing.

Keywords:

cat extraclassical suppression lateral geniculate nucleus nonlinear receptive field

More Related Videos

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Published on: December 14, 2012

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Published on: December 14, 2012

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual Processing
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Extraclassical surround suppression significantly affects neural responses in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and primary visual cortex.
While spatial aspects of suppression are well-studied, its influence on temporal visual processing remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how extraclassical surround suppression shapes temporal features of neuronal responses in the early visual system.
To test the hypothesis that extraclassical suppression influences temporal dynamics of retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons.

Main Methods:

Recording of spiking activity in cat retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons.
Analysis of interspike interval distributions, response reliability, and response duration.
Assessment of temporal frequency tuning shifts in LGN neurons.

Main Results:

Extraclassical suppression alters interspike interval distributions, reducing neuronal communication efficacy.
Suppression decreases the reliability of neuronal responses to visual stimuli.
Suppression shortens visual response durations, causing a rightward shift in LGN temporal frequency tuning.

Conclusions:

Extraclassical surround suppression dynamically influences temporal aspects of neuronal responses.
These findings highlight a crucial role for suppression in shaping the temporal dynamics of early visual processing.