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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Plio-Pleistocene climate sensitivity evaluated using high-resolution CO2 records.

M A Martínez-Botí1, G L Foster1, T B Chalk1

  • 1Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.

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|February 6, 2015
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Earth's climate sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2) was lower in the warm Pliocene than the cold Pleistocene. This difference was due to ice-albedo feedback, not unexpected climate feedbacks.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoclimatology
  • Climate modeling
  • Earth system science

Background:

  • Climate sensitivity to radiative forcing may vary with background climate conditions.
  • Palaeoclimate data have been limited in testing this theory.
  • Reconstructing past atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is crucial for understanding climate sensitivity.

Observation:

  • Multi-site boron-isotope records provide CO2 reconstructions for the late Pliocene (3.3 to 2.3 million years ago).
  • Earth system sensitivity to CO2 was half as strong during the warm Pliocene compared to the cold late Pleistocene (0.8 to 0.01 million years ago).

Findings:

  • The reduced climate sensitivity in the Pliocene is attributed to the absence of significant ice-albedo feedback, unlike the late Pleistocene.
  • Accounting for ice-volume changes using sea-level reconstructions reveals identical equilibrium climate sensitivity for both epochs.
  • No unexpected climate feedbacks were identified during the warm Pliocene.

Implications:

  • Future climate predictions for Pliocene-like conditions (up to 450 ppm CO2) align with current equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates (1.5 K to 4.5 K per CO2 doubling).
  • This suggests that current climate models accurately represent climate feedbacks relevant to future warming scenarios.
  • Understanding past climate dynamics is vital for validating and refining future climate projections.