Oxidation events and skin aging
1Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ageing Research Reviews
|February 6, 2015
Summary
Skin aging is driven by oxidative degeneration outpacing regeneration. This review details how UV exposure and reactive oxygen species directly and indirectly cause skin aging, despite adaptive responses.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Tissue aging results from degeneration overpowering regeneration.
- Oxidative stress is a key factor in both general tissue and specific skin aging.
- Intrinsic and extrinsic aging mechanisms, particularly photoaging, are critical to understand.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of oxidative events in tissue and skin aging.
- To elucidate the mechanisms of intrinsic and extrinsic (photo-) aging.
- To emphasize the impact of UV exposure on skin aging, considering location and skin type.
Main Methods:
- Summarizing direct photochemical effects of UV radiation on cellular components (DNA, RNA, proteins, vitamin D).
- Analyzing factors in UV-induced immunosuppression potentially delaying aging.
- Describing the origin and nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in aging.
- Investigating consequences of oxidative events on extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, including collagen loss.
Main Results:
- UV exposure has direct photochemical effects and indirect oxidative contributions (ROS/RNS) to skin aging.
- UV-induced immunosuppression may influence aging processes.
- Oxidative events lead to ECM degradation, notably collagen breakdown.
- Conflicting data on the free radical theory of aging may stem from difficulties in quantifying in vivo ROS and targeting experimental ROS.
Conclusions:
- Skin aging is mediated by both direct and indirect oxidative degeneration.
- Oxidative events initiate and propagate skin aging, even with adaptive responses like mitohormesis.
- Understanding ROS/RNS modulation and cellular targeting is crucial for interpreting aging research.
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