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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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Facilitated Transport01:19

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The First Law of Thermodynamics01:13

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The first law of thermodynamics deals with the total amount of energy in the universe. It states that this total amount of energy is constant. In other words, there has always been, and always will be, exactly the same amount of energy in the universe. Energy exists in many different forms. According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy may transfer from place to place or transform into different forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The transfers and transformations of energy...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
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Energy transfer and its dependence on membrane properties.

J Barber

    Ciba Foundation Symposium
    |February 7, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cation concentration affects energy transfer in chloroplasts by altering thylakoid membrane structure. These changes, observed via chlorophyll fluorescence, are linked to surface charge density and Gouy-Chapman theory predictions.

    Area of Science:

    • Plant cell biology
    • Photosynthesis research
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complexes are crucial for photosynthesis.
    • Thylakoid membrane structure influences energy transfer efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how cation concentration impacts energy transfer between chlorophyll complexes.
    • To elucidate the role of thylakoid membrane conformation and surface charge in this process.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized isolated chloroplasts.
    • Measured chlorophyll fluorescence yields and lifetimes.
    • Analyzed cation-induced changes in pigment organization.

    Main Results:

    • Cation content variations alter energy transfer degrees between light-harvesting complexes.

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  • Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence correlate with conformational shifts in the thylakoid membrane.
  • Observed alterations in pigment organization align with Gouy-Chapman theory predictions regarding surface charge density.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cation-induced changes in chloroplasts are mediated by thylakoid membrane structural modifications.
    • Surface charge density on the thylakoid membrane plays a key role in regulating energy transfer.
    • The findings provide insights into mechanisms controlling photosynthetic energy transfer.