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CLEFT PALATE IN HIV-EXPOSED NEWBORNS OF MOTHERS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY

Ayotunde James1, Babatunde Oluwatosin2, Georgina Njideka3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Oral Surgery
|February 6, 2015
PubMed

Insights

This study observed three newborns exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during pregnancy who developed cleft palate. Further research is needed to confirm a potential link between HAART and this congenital malformation.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cleft lip/palate is the most common congenital malformation of the head and neck.
  • The etiology of cleft palate involves genetic and environmental factors.
  • The role of in-utero exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the occurrence of cleft palate in newborns exposed in-utero to HIV and HAART.
  • To investigate a potential association between in-utero exposure to Efavirenz-containing ART and cleft palate.

Main Methods:

  • A case series of HIV-exposed newborns with cleft palate within a larger cohort study.
  • Hearing screening was conducted on HIV-exposed and unexposed newborns.
  • Risk Ratio (RR) was calculated to assess the association between Efavirenz exposure and cleft palate.

Main Results:

  • Three cases of cleft palate were identified in HIV-exposed newborns.
  • Two newborns were exposed to tenofovir+lamivudine+efavirenz (TDF+3TC+EFV) and one to zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine (ZDV+3TC+NVP) during the first trimester.
  • No statistically significant association was found between cleft palate and Efavirenz-containing HAART (p=0.07, RR=10.95).

Conclusions:

  • HAART may play a role in the etiology of cleft palate.
  • Further prospective studies and registries are needed to investigate this association.
  • The findings highlight the importance of monitoring congenital malformations in infants exposed to antiretroviral therapy in-utero.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cleft palateefavirenzhighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)nevirapinenewborns

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