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The impact of microgravity and hypergravity on endothelial cells
Jeanette A M Maier1, Francesca Cialdai2, Monica Monici2
1Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Via Gian Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Biomed Research International
|February 6, 2015
Summary
Gravity affects endothelial cells (ECs), impacting vascular integrity. Microgravity and hypergravity alter ECs' structure and function, influencing cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Cell Biology
- Space Medicine
Background:
- Endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for vascular integrity and homeostasis.
- ECs are sensitive to mechanical stresses like altered gravity.
- Gravity variations impact ECs' morphology and function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of microgravity and hypergravity on cultured endothelial cells.
- To discuss current knowledge and controversial findings regarding gravity's influence on ECs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on endothelial cells under altered gravity conditions.
- Analysis of morphological and functional changes in ECs.
Main Results:
- Microgravity alters ECs' production and expression of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators.
- Cytoskeletal remodeling and caveolae distribution changes are observed in ECs under microgravity.
- These changes affect cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Altered gravity significantly impacts endothelial cell functions.
- Understanding these effects is vital for vascular health in space and on Earth.
