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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
Published on: November 19, 2019
Present, Emerging and Possible Future Biomarkers in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)
Martin Boegemann1, Andres-Jan Schrader, Laura-Maria Krabbe
1Department of Urology, Muenster University Medical Center, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, GB A1, D-48149 Muenster, Germany. martin.boegemann@ukmuenster.de.
Introduction:
Recently, an increasing number of systemic therapies with life extending capacity have become available in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) i.e. Abiraterone acetate, Enzalutamide, Sipuleucel-T, Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel and Radium-223. More compounds are currently being evaluated in promising pivotal trials (e.g. Tasquinimod, ARN-509, ODM-201, and more). Limitations of the currently available biomarkers make treatment decisions challenging. Considering the ever increasing complexity of treatment algorithms in mCRPC the current demand of research is to find and characterize biomarkers with prognostic, predictive and surrogate quality, allowing for information on clinically meaningful outcomes and on which therapy to offer patients in different and complex scenarios.
Methods:
A comprehensive English-language literature review was performed through PubMed to identify articles and abstract presentations of the major conferences on cancer during December 2014.
Results:
In this review we address established biomarkers like prostate specific antigen, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Emerging biomarkers like circulating tumor cells, androgen receptor splice variants, cancer stem cells and imaging biomarkers have also been reviewed and placed in the context of prognostic, predictive and surrogate implications in the current field of CRPC. We elaborate on the requirements of good biomarkers and discuss possible future developments of biomarkers in CRPC. Advances in knowledge of biomarkers in CRPC and thus biomarker driven therapy monitoring and up-front therapy decisions may help in the future to tailor treatment algorithms, give information on which therapy to offer and when to continue a given therapy in equivocal scenarios. This could maximize treatment benefit and minimize toxicity.
Insights
New biomarkers are crucial for guiding treatment decisions in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Identifying effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers can help personalize therapy and improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Medical Biomarkers
Background:
- Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has seen advances in systemic therapies, including Abiraterone acetate, Enzalutamide, Sipuleucel-T, Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel, and Radium-223.
- The increasing complexity of mCRPC treatment algorithms necessitates the identification of reliable biomarkers.
- Current limitations in existing biomarkers pose challenges for effective treatment selection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review established and emerging biomarkers for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
- To evaluate the prognostic, predictive, and surrogate implications of these biomarkers.
- To discuss the requirements for ideal biomarkers and future directions in mCRPC biomarker research.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed.
- Searched for English-language articles and abstract presentations from major cancer conferences up to December 2014.
Main Results:
- Established biomarkers (PSA, LDH, ALP) and emerging biomarkers (circulating tumor cells, AR-V, CSCs, imaging biomarkers) were reviewed.
- These biomarkers were analyzed for their prognostic, predictive, and surrogate roles in CRPC.
- The review highlights the need for biomarker-driven therapy monitoring and upfront decision-making.
Conclusions:
- Advances in understanding CRPC biomarkers can lead to tailored treatment algorithms.
- Biomarkers are essential for optimizing therapy selection, monitoring treatment response, and minimizing toxicity.
- Future biomarker developments hold promise for personalized medicine in mCRPC.
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