Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
Published on: December 6, 2024
Chronic restraint stress increases the protein expression of VEGF and its receptor VEGFR-2 in the prefrontal cortex
Betina Elfving1, Jakob Lerche Jakobsen, Jens Christian Bredahl Madsen
1Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, DK-8240, Risskov, Denmark.
Abstract:
In the present study the central and peripheral regulation of VEGF, its cognate receptors, and regulators were examined after acute and chronic restraint stress in rats. After chronic restraint stress (6 h per day for 21 days) the protein levels of VEGF (175 ± 24%) and its receptor VEGFR-2 (169 ± 17%) increased significantly in the prefrontal cortex (A and B). mRNA levels of VEGFR-2 (132 ± 11%) were also significantly increased (D). In the hippocampus no significant changes were observed at the mRNA or protein levels. In serum there was a tendency towards increased VEGF protein expression after both acute and chronic restraint stress (C).
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