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Listeria monocytogenes as a cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a rare entity

Bilal Shaikh1, Ranjan Pathak2, Naba Raj Mainali1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Reading Health System, West Reading, PA, USA.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|February 7, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Listeria is a rare cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Suspect Listeria SBP in patients with specific risk factors and treat with ampicillin.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common infection in patients with cirrhosis.
  • Listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon but serious cause of SBP.

Observation:

  • Listeria SBP should be considered in patients presenting with diphtheria-like organisms in cultures, iron overload, farm animal exposure, or poor response to initial treatment.
  • Diagnosis relies on ascitic fluid analysis revealing >250 polymorphonuclear cells/mm³ without other intra-abdominal infection sources.

Findings:

  • Ampicillin, often combined with an aminoglycoside, is the primary treatment for Listeria SBP.
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole serves as a prophylactic agent for individuals with a history of Listeria SBP.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and appropriate antibiotic selection are crucial for managing Listeria SBP.
  • Understanding risk factors aids in timely diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon SBP etiology.
Keywords:
Listeria monocytogenesampicillincirrhosisspontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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