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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...

Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

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Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

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Incomplete bladder duplication with multiple congenital anomalies: A rare presentation.

Nipun Kumar Awasthi¹, Hemantkumar Goel¹, Rajkumarsingha Mahapatra¹

¹Department of Urology, I. P. G. M. E. & R., Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

|February 7, 2015

Summary

This study details a rare case of incomplete bladder duplication, a congenital malformation, in a patient with multiple birth defects. The condition caused symptomatic obstruction, which required surgical intervention.

Keywords:

Bladder duplication scoliosis septate uterus

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Area of Science:

Urology
Pediatric Surgery
Medical Genetics

Background:

Bladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly with various presentations.
Congenital malformations often occur as part of complex syndromes.
Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction can lead to significant renal complications.

Observation:

A rare case of incomplete bladder duplication was identified.
The patient presented with symptomatic left pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction.
Multiple congenital malformations were noted in association with the bladder anomaly.

Findings:

Surgical management successfully addressed the pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction.
This specific combination of incomplete bladder duplication and syndromic association appears novel in medical literature.
The case highlights the complexity of congenital anomalies.

Implications:

This case expands the understanding of bladder duplication anomalies and their potential syndromic associations.
It underscores the importance of thorough investigation in patients with complex congenital malformations.
Further research may elucidate the genetic and developmental pathways involved in such rare conditions.