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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo
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Ascl2 reinforces intestinal stem cell identity.

Kelley S Yan1, Calvin J Kuo1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|February 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

A positive feedback loop involving the Ascl2 transcription factor helps maintain intestinal stem cell identity. This loop is regulated by prior Wnt pathway activity, ensuring stem cells respond correctly to stimulation.

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Gastrointestinal research

Background:

  • Ascl2 is a key transcription factor regulating intestinal stem cells.
  • The Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for intestinal homeostasis and stem cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Ascl2 in maintaining intestinal stem cell identity.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of Ascl2 regulation by Wnt pathway activity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns.
  • Wnt pathway activation studies.
  • Investigating feedback loops in stem cell regulation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a positive feedback loop involving Ascl2.

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  • Demonstrated that previous Wnt pathway activity tunes this loop.
  • Showed that this loop perpetuates intestinal stem cell identity under Wnt/R-spondin stimulation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ascl2 plays a critical role in sustaining intestinal stem cell identity.
    • A Wnt-activity-tuned Ascl2 feedback loop ensures robust stem cell response to stimulation.
    • This mechanism is vital for intestinal tissue regeneration and maintenance.