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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Columnar liquid-crystalline metallomacrocycles.

Shin-ichiro Kawano1, Yukari Ishida, Kentaro Tanaka

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel macrocyclic molecules and their metal complexes, exhibiting thermotropic columnar liquid-crystalline behavior. These metallo-macrocycles demonstrate self-assembly into fluid phases over wide temperature ranges.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Dynamic covalent chemistry enables size-selective synthesis of macrocyclic ligands.
  • Macrocycles feature a large, symmetric cavity and a 56π planar ring system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel macrocyclic molecules and their metal complexes.
  • To investigate their thermotropic columnar liquid-crystalline behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic covalent chemistry for ligand synthesis.
  • X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized optical microscopy for characterization.
  • Incorporation of Ni(2+) and Cu(2+) ions into salphen ligands.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized discrete, highly symmetric macrocycles with a 9 Å cavity.
  • Formed square-planar metal complexes within the macrocycles.
  • Observed self-assembly into columnar liquid-crystalline phases with high fluidity.
  • Demonstrated that peripheral alkyl chains influence liquid crystal properties and temperature range.

Conclusions:

  • These are the first reported thermotropic columnar liquid crystals of macrocyclic metal complexes with large hollow areas.
  • Metallo-macrocycles exhibit enhanced liquid crystalline temperature ranges compared to metal-free analogues.
  • The study highlights the potential of macrocyclic metal complexes in developing advanced liquid crystalline materials.