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Emergent gravity requires kinematic nonlocality.

Donald Marolf1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

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Nonlinear dynamical gravity is forbidden in low-energy effective field theories with local kinematics. Gravitational theories universally coupled to energy have Hamiltonians that are boundary terms, freezing bulk dynamics. This applies to lattice and continuum theories, irrespective of Lorentz or translation invariance.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Quantum Gravity
  • Effective Field Theories

Background:

  • Low-energy effective descriptions of field theories are crucial for understanding complex physical systems.
  • Gravitational theories with universal coupling to energy present unique theoretical challenges due to energy's nonlinear nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To refine arguments against the emergence of nonlinear dynamical gravity in low-energy effective descriptions.
  • To analyze the implications of Hamiltonians being pure boundary terms on shell for field theories with local kinematics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gravitational theories with universal coupling to energy.
  • Examination of Hamiltonians as boundary terms in the context of field theories.
  • Consideration of theories on lattices and in the continuum.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear dynamical gravity is forbidden in low-energy effective descriptions of field theories with local kinematics.
  • Gravitational theories with universal coupling to energy are characterized by Hamiltonians that are pure boundary terms on shell.
  • Bulk dynamics must be frozen for such theories to be valid low-energy effective descriptions.

Conclusions:

  • The findings apply to both lattice and continuum theories.
  • The results do not require Lorentz invariance or translation invariance.
  • This work clarifies constraints on the low-energy effective description of gravity.